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Objective:To analyze the whole genome of Omicron variants causing the first local Omicron outbreak in Henan Province and to investigate the mutations in the SARS-CoV-2 genome for source tracing.Methods:Respiratory tract samples from COVID-19 cases in the Omicron outbreak in Henan Province from January 7 to 29, 2022 were subjected to whole-genome sequencing and sequence alignment analysis. Whole-genome identity, variations and evolution of the Omicron variants were analyzed.Results:Through high-throughput sequencing, the whole-genome sequences of SARS-CoV-2 were obtained from 120 cases, which accounted for 25.64% (120/468) of all COVID-19 cases in Anyang during the same period. Compared with the genome of Wuhan reference strain (NC_045512.2), there were 57-59 nucleotide mutation sites in the 120 whole genome sequences, and one or two nucleotide mutation sites were added to the shared 57 nucleotide sites. All of the 120 strains were VOC/Omicron (BA.1.1) variants and shared high homology. The whole-genome sequence obtained from the first case A contained 57 nucleotide mutation sites, while apart from the 57 identical nucleotide mutation sites, one specific mutation site (C1594T) was found in the whole-genome sequence obtained from the first case B, suggesting that the two cases were in the same transmission chain. After comparing with the database of domestic and imported cases by the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention and the Henan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, it was found that the current outbreak was linked with the same transmission chain as the existing local epidemics in other provinces. Moreover, epidemiological investigation showed that on January 2, case A had come into contact with her cousin and his family who returned from an affected area outside the province.Conclusions:Based on the gene sequencing results and epidemiological investigation, the COVID-19 outbreak in Anyang city, Henan Province was a local epidemic and the source of it was a college student who returned to Anyang city from other province on December 28, 2021. These infections were linked to the same transmission chain as the existing local infection in other provinces.
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Objective:To analyze the genome characteristics and variations in nucleotides and amino acids of SARS-CoV-2 causing an outbreak in Henan Province in November 2021 and perform the traceability analysis.Methods:In this study, throat swab specimens from cases in the acute phase were collected and tested for the nucleic acids of SARS-CoV-2 by real-time fluorescent RT-PCR. SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid-positive samples were subjected to high-throughput genome sequencing and whole-genome alignment analysis.Results:The median Ct values of ORF1ab gene and N gene in 70 positive specimens was 26.41 (15.58 to 39.27) and 24.43 (12.04 to 39.74), respectively. Compared with the sequence of Wuhan-Hu(NC_045512) reference strain, 47 to 49 nucleotide mutations sharing 47 nucleotide mutation and 41 amino acid mutations were found in 63 strains of successfully sequenced SARS-CoV-2. Nine nucleotide mutations and 12 amino acid mutations were found in the spike protein. The index case shared 47 mutations with the Russian imported cases in Henan Province on October 14 and the local cases in Jiangxi Province in October. Moreover, their genomes were highly homologous and they all belonged to the Delta variant (AY.122 evolutionary branch).Conclusions:Continuous monitoring of imported COVID-19 cases and prolonging the period of quarantine were needed to reduce the risk of local outbreak and epidemic caused by imported COVID-19 cases. Analysis of the genomic characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 and the variations in nucleotides and amino acids was conducive to trace the origin of COVID-19 outbreak quickly and provide reference for precise control.
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Objective:To monitor the changes in specific IgM and IgG antibodies in patients diagnosed with COVID-19 after SARS-CoV-2 infection, and analyze their clinical significance.Methods:A total of 168 serum samples were collected from 56 COVID-19 patients with different disease courses who were positive for nucleic acid test at Henan Center for Disease Control and Prevention on January 8, 2020 and February 21, 2020. Serum samples from 25 healthy people excluded from COVID-19 were used as control group. IgM and IgG antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 were detected by chemiluminescence method.Results:IgM antibody increased sharply in 1-3 weeks after onset, and reached the peak value (21.78 AU/ml) in the 3rd week after onset. IgG antibody increased the most in 3-6 weeks after onset, and reached the peak value (81.58 AU/ml) in the 9th week after onset. The levels of IgM and IgG antibodies were closely correlated with age and disease course ( P<0.05). The antibody level of 30-60 years old group was the highest, the IgM antibody positive rate and antibody level of acute stage and previous infection were lower than that of recovery stage, and the IgG antibody positive rate and antibody level of acute stage were lower than that of recovery stage and previous infection. During the whole course of the disease, the levels of IgM and IgG antibodies increased gradually in the acute stage, reached the peak in the recovery stage, and decreased and maintained at a certain level in the past infection. Conclusions:Serum SARS-CoV-2 IgM and IgG antibody detection can be used as auxiliary diagnostic indicators for COVID-19, and its continuous observation is helpful for epidemiological investigation, serological diagnosis and disease course monitoring.
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Objective:To analyze the evolutionary characteristics and variations of 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) strains imported from abroad in Henan Province.Methods:A total of 16 imported cases of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) reported in Henan Province from May to December 2020 were enrolled. The throat swab specimens from the patients were collected and sent to the Henan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention for whole genome sequencing. Taking SARS-CoV-2 Wuhan-Hu-1 published in Global Initiative on Sharing All Influenza Data (GISAID) as the reference sequence, the sequences were aligned and analyzed by MEGA X, and the phylogenetic tree was constructed by the maximum likelihood method.Results:Among 16 cases, 13 cases were imported from Russia, two cases were imported from Myanmar, and one case was imported from Ukraine. A total of 16 strains of 2019-nCoV genomes with the lengths of 29 804 bp to 29 882 bp were obtained. A total of 145 nucleotide mutations and 80 amino acid mutations were detected. Nucleotide variations of C241T, C3037T, C14408T, A23403G and the amino acid variation of D614G in spike protein were detected in all sequences. Meanwhile, insertion A at the site of 29704 was found in BetaCov/HEN02/Human/2020, BetaCov/HEN04/Human/2020 and BetaCov/HEN05/Human/2020. Deletion variation was not found. Phylogenetic analysis showed that there was no correlation between the 16 strains and currently epidemic variants of concern (VOC) .Conclusion:From May to December 2020, the detection of viral genome mutations in the imported cases of Henan Province shows randomness and diversity, while the strains are not VOC.
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OBJECTIVE@#To explore the feasibility of rapid and accurate three-dimensional (3D) image reconstruction using Uromedix-3D software for urological surgery.@*METHODS@#The original renal thin-slice enhancement CT data were obtained from patients with kidney lesions treated in our hospital between December, 2015 and October, 2018. The self-developed Uromedix- 3D system was used to reconstruct the normal kidney structures, blood vessels, collecting systems and the lesions. The spatial anatomic relationships of the structures were measured and digitized for surgical planning.@*RESULTS@#3D reconstruction of the kidneys was performed in a total of 173 cases, and the mean time for reconstruction was 31.24±2.012 min. Of these cases, 147 (84.9%) had renal tumors, and 2 had renal tumors with tumor thrombus. In addition to renal tumors, the Uromedix-3D system was also used for reconstructing other lesions including UPJO, kidney stones and retroperitoneal masses. Renal artery reconstruction was performed in 170 cases, which allowed observation of the precise terminal branches (up to 7th grade arterial branch) of the artery; 109 (64%) cases showed the 5th grade arterial branch or above. Renal artery variations were detected in 37 cases, including accessory renal artery (24 cases) and multiple renal arteries (13 cases). The renal veins were reconstructed in 164 cases, and second grade or above (up to the 4th grade) vein branches were observed in 138 (84%) cases.@*CONCLUSIONS@#Uromedix-3D system can accurately and efficiently reconstruct the 3D structure of human kidneys and the renal lesions based on enhanced CT data. The reconstructed 3D model allows objective assessment of the spatial anatomical relationship of the lesions to provide assistance in surgical planning.
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Humans , Imaging, Three-Dimensional , Kidney , Kidney Calculi , Diagnostic Imaging , General Surgery , Kidney Neoplasms , Diagnostic Imaging , General Surgery , Tomography, X-Ray ComputedABSTRACT
Objective:To evaluate the effect of antiviral therapy on HBV reactivation and liver function after liver resection in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Methods:A total of 174 HBV-DNA(?) HCC patients were recruited into two groups:antiviral ther-apy group (66 cases) and control group (108 cases). In the antiviral group, patients were given entecavir dispersible tablet, whereas no antiviral therapies were given in the control group. The HBV reactivation and liver function index rates were statistically analyzed. Re-sults:Rates of HBV reactivation after hepatectomy were 3.0%and 27.8%in the antiviral therapy group and control group, respectively. Multivariate analysis revealed that minor hepatectomy (HR, 4.695;95%CI, 1.257-17.537, P=0.021) and no antiviral therapy (HR, 8.164;95%CI, 1.831-36.397, P=0.006) were independent risk factors for HBV reactivation. The levels of ALT, TBil, ALB, and PT within 7 days af-ter liver resection were similar between the antiviral therapy group and the control group and between the reactivation group and no-reactivation group. However, the ALT and ALB levels were significantly better in the antiviral group compared with that in the control group after 30 days. Conclusion:HBV reactivation can occur after liver resection for HBV-DNA(?) HCC patients. Preoperative antiviral therapy can reduce the risk of HBV reactivation, thus protecting liver function in patients undergoing liver resection.